0:01

Superficial dissection

0:15

Palpate spinous processes

0:19

Incise fascia

0:23

Dissect paraspinal muscles off spinous process

0:34

Expose lamina

0:45

Place Taylor retractor

1:00

Expose ligamentum flavum

1:08

Make laminotomy with burr

1:48

Complete laminotomy with Kerrison

2:02

Free ligamentum laterally

2:36

Retract thecal sac & obtain hemostasis

3:00

Remove extruded disc

3:32

Remove free fragments in disc space

3:52

Irrigate disc space & remove fragments

4:23

Gel foam for hemostasis

4:29

Palpate to ensure no fragments remain

4:39

Place absorbable hemostat

4:49

Closure